Basic principles of waste incineration power generation
The garbage goes through three stages of drying, burning and burning. The garbage is fully burned at a high temperature of 850-1100 degrees. Through the DCS automatic control system and automatic combustion control system, the combustion conditions of the garbage in the furnace can be monitored and adjusted in real time, and the operating speed of the grate and the amount of combustion air can be adjusted in a timely manner. The high-temperature flue gas generated by burning garbage undergoes heat exchange in the residual heat boiler to generate superheated steam, which drives the turbine generator to generate electrical energy. Electric energy is transported to various places through the power grid, realizing the resource utilization of waste treatment.
The garbage is transported to the incineration plant by transport vehicles. After being weighed by a weighbridge, it is driven to the discharge door and unloaded into the garbage pit. The garbage crane delivers the garbage into the hopper and into the furnace where it is burned in the incinerator. The inlet of the air blower is connected to the garbage pit, so that the odor of the garbage can be sent into the incinerator with a combustion temperature of about 850-1100°C for thermal decomposition and turned into odorless gas. The combustion flame and high-temperature flue gas pass through the natural circulation boiler to generate high-temperature steam, which provides a steam source for the turbine generator unit.
Boilers and turbine-generator units are centrally controlled and monitored by the central control room.
The burned slag falls into the slag discharging device, and the cooled slag is transferred to the brick factory for comprehensive utilization.
The fly ash collected by the pretreatment electrostatic precipitator system is not hazardous waste. After collection, it is transferred to cement plants or mixing stations for comprehensive utilization.
The fly ash collected by the semi-dry flue gas purification device is hazardous waste and is transported to the solidification workshop. After cement solidification and curing, it is transported to the landfill for safe burial.
After treatment, the landfill leachate meets the standards and is discharged.
The treated flue gas meets environmental protection requirements and is sent to the chimney by an induced draft fan for discharge.
Waste incineration treatment has the advantages of “reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness”, and the incineration treatment facilities occupy less space, the waste is stabilized quickly, the reduction effect is obvious, the odor of domestic waste is relatively easy to control, and the waste heat of incineration can be used , while processing domestic waste safely, harmlessly and efficiently, it can also use the waste heat generated by its incineration for power generation (heat supply), which meets the requirements of circular economy and is a domestic waste treatment technology generally respected internationally and domestically.
Utilizing the waste heat generated by the incineration of domestic waste to generate electricity can provide power to the grid every year, realizing waste resource utilization, saving non-renewable resources – coal, natural gas or fuel oil, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It is estimated that domestic waste incineration power plants with grate furnaces can generate electricity of about 250-350 kw.h/t. Each ton of domestic waste incineration can save 81-114 kg of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 202-283 kg.

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